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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean CLKs' awareness and ability to make use of relational affordances and learning-internal factors, were significant. The RIs from TS & ZL for instance were able to cite their relationships with their local professors as a key factor in their pragmatic decision to avoid criticising a strict prof (see the example 2). This article reviews all local published practical research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on pragmatic important topics such as: Discourse Construction Tests The Discourse Completion Test (DCT) is a widely used instrument in research that is based on pragmatic principles. It has many advantages but it also has some disadvantages. For instance, the DCT is unable to account for cultural and individual differences in communication. Additionally the DCT is prone to bias and may result in overgeneralizations. This is why it is important to analyze it carefully prior to using it for research or assessment purposes. Despite its limitations the DCT can be a useful instrument to study the connection between prosody, information structure, and non-native speakers. The ability of the DCT in two or more stages to alter the social variables that are related to politeness is a plus. This ability can aid researchers understand the role of prosody in communicating across cultural contexts, a key issue in cross-cultural pragmatics. In the field of linguistics, the DCT has become one of the most important tools for analyzing learners' behaviors in communication. It can be used to study a variety of issues that include the manner of speaking, turn taking and lexical choice. It can be used to evaluate the phonological complexity of learners speaking. Recent research has used the DCT as a tool to assess the skills of refusal among EFL students. Participants were presented with a variety of scenarios to choose from, and then asked to select the most appropriate response. The authors found that the DCT was more efficient than other methods of refusal that included a questionnaire as well as video recordings. Researchers warned, however, that the DCT must be used with caution. They also recommended using other methods of data collection. DCTs are often designed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, such as content and form. These criteria are intuitive and are based on the assumptions of the test developers. They aren't always exact and could be misleading in describing the way ELF learners respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for more study on alternative methods for measuring refusal competence. In a recent study, DCT responses to student requests via email were compared to the responses of an oral DCT. The results showed that the DCT promoted more direct and conventionally form-based requests and a lower use of hints than the email data did. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study looked at Chinese learners their pragmatic choices when they use Korean. It employed a variety of experimental tools including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of intermediate or higher ability who responded to DCTs and MQs. They were also asked for reflections on their opinions and their refusals to participate in RIs. The results indicated that the CLKs often resisted native Korean pragmatic norms, and that their choices were influenced by four major factors that included their personalities, multilingual identities, their ongoing lives, and their relational affordances. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching. First, the MQ data were analysed to determine the participants' rational choices. The data was categorized according Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the choices were compared with their linguistic performance in DCTs to determine whether they reflected pragmatic resistance or not. The interviewees also had to explain why they chose a pragmatic behavior in certain situations. The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were examined using descriptive statistics and Z tests. The CLKs were discovered to use euphemistic words like “sorry” or “thank you”. This could be due to their lack experience with the target languages, which led to an inadequate knowledge of korean's pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preferences to differ from L1 and L2 norms or to move toward L1 differed based on the DCT situations. In the scenarios 3 and 12 CLKs preferred diverging from both L1pragmatic norms and L2 norms, while in Situation 14 CLKs preferred a convergence to L1 norms. The RIs also revealed the CLKs were aware their pragmatism in every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one within two days after participants completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed by two coders who were independent and then coded. The coding process was iterative, with the coders re-reading and discussing each transcript. The results of the coding process are compared with the original RI transcripts to determine whether they captured the underlying pragmatic behavior. Interviews with Refusal The central problem in the field of pragmatic research is: why do some learners decide to not accept native-speaker norms? A recent study sought to answer this question by employing a range of experimental instruments, including DCTs MQs, DCTs and RIs. The participants were comprised of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs, and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were asked to complete the DCTs in their first language and complete the MQs either in their L1 or L2. They were then invited to an RI, where they were required to reflect and discuss their responses to each DCT situation. The results showed that, on average, the CLKs disapproved of the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did this even when they were able to create patterns that closely resembled natives. They were also aware of their pragmatic resistance. 프라그마틱 플레이 attributed their choice to learner-internal factors like their identities and personalities as well as multilingual identities. They also mentioned external factors, such as relational advantages. For instance, they discussed how their relationships with professors led to a more relaxed performance with respect to the linguistic and intercultural standards of their university. However, the interviewees expressed concern about the social pressures and penalties that they might be subject to if they violated their local social norms. They were worried that their local friends might think they are “foreigners” and believe they are unintelligent. This was a concern similar to the concerns expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These results suggest that native-speaker practical norms are not the preferred choice of Korean learners. They may still be useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should reconsider the validity of these tests in various cultural contexts and in specific situations. This will help them better understand how different cultural environments can affect the pragmatic behavior of L2 learners in the classroom and beyond. This will also aid educators create better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor to Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consulting firm based in Seoul. Case Studies The case study method is a research method that focuses on in-depth, participant-centered investigations to explore a particular subject. It is a method that makes use of numerous sources of data to back up the findings, such as interviews and observations, documents, and artifacts. This type of investigation can be used to analyze unique or complex subjects that are difficult for other methods to assess. The first step in a case study is to define the subject matter and the purpose of the study. This will allow you to determine which aspects of the topic should be studied and which ones can be skipped. It is also useful to read the literature to gain a general knowledge of the subject and put the issue in a larger theoretical context. This case study was based on an open source platform such as the KMMLU leaderboard [50], and its benchmarks that are specific to Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this study showed that L2 Korean learners were highly vulnerable to the influence of native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answer options that were literal interpretations. This was a departure from a precise pragmatic inference. They also showed a strong tendency of adding their own words or “garbage” to their responses. This further reduced the quality of their answers. The participants in this study were L2 Korean students who had reached level four on the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their third or second year of university and were hoping to achieve level six on their next attempt. They were asked to answer questions regarding their WTC/SPCC, as well as pragmatic awareness and comprehension. Interviewees were presented with two scenarios that involved interaction with their counterparts and were asked to choose one of the strategies below to employ when making demands. They were then asked to provide the reasoning behind their choice. The majority of the participants attributed their pragmatism to their personality. For example, TS claimed that she was difficult to connect to, and she therefore did not want to inquire about her interactant's well-being with an intense workload despite the fact that she believed that native Koreans would do this.